FTIR
FTIR stands for Fourier Transformation Infra-Red, and it is a spectrophotometer in infrared region that can obtain absorption spectra with frequency analysis called Fourier Transformation on a waveform, which is obtained from a sample by illuminating it with a composite waveform that is made from light from a light source through an interferometer. By obtaining molecular vibration in a substance, FTIR can effectively analyse water, hydroxyl and resin or oil in crystals.

Microscopic Raman Spectroscopy
When a light is hit a substance and scattered, some of the scattered light may change its wavelength by a certain amount that is unique to each substance. This phenomenon is named Raman Effect after the discoverer. Raman spectroscopy is a technique to identify a substance or to analyse molecular structure by using the phenomenon. The scattering light obtained by Raman Effect is generally very weak so that a strong laser beam is used for irradiation and a sophisticated detector is required.